See caulis on Wiktionary
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"name": "lbor"
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"3": "gobi",
"4": "kale"
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],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.",
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"tags": [
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]
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "acaulose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliflorous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliflory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliflower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliform"
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauligerous"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "caulirosulate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"name": "Architectural elements",
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"Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-d2jepLDj",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
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[
"stalks",
"stalks"
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[
"volutes",
"volutes"
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"helices",
"helices"
],
[
"Corinthian",
"Corinthian"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
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"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
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"The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
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"stalk",
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"plant",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
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"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
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{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lodyha"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pl",
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"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "łodyga"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
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"tags": [
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪs"
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"word": "caulis"
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"expansion": "caulis",
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{
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"plural of cauli"
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-zwUS67km",
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[
"cauli",
"cauli#English"
]
],
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"form-of",
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "càule"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cavolo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "cavolo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "cavulu"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "caulo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "caulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "càvulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "caulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
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{
"lang": "Sicilian",
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{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "càvol"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "càorlo"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "càoło"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "chèvol"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cavol"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cöo"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cô"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cúaro"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "cavol"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "còl"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "caure"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "chèvol"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "chevle"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chou"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "chous"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "col"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chaul"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chaur"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chare"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "choul"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chol"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chal"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
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"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "caulet"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
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},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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{
"lang": "Limousin",
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},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
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"word": "chol"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "còure"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "coule"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "cole"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "chaul"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
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}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
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"word": "caul"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
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{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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"south Galicia"
],
"tags": [
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],
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{
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}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "caulis"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "caule"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "caule"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kelj",
"word": "кељ"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
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{
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"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*keh₂ulis"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*keh₂ulis\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caulis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"caulis\">",
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{
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"1": "sa",
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"1": "grc",
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},
{
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},
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{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
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},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
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[
"caulī",
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]
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},
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"dative",
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]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
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[
"caulēs",
"caules#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"links": [
[
"caulīs",
"caulis#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
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"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
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"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
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[
"caulēs",
"caules#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coles",
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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"g": "m"
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],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
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},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-d2aCiupb",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
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"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-hrL53EWn",
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkau̯.lɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaːu̯.lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
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"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
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],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "caullīs",
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
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"expansion": "caulīs",
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"lang_code": "la",
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{
"categories": [
{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-Y3GO7fSZ",
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
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{
"ipa": "[ˈkaːu̯.lis]",
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}
{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
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"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Polish translations"
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{
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"3": "gobi",
"4": "kale"
},
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"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.",
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{
"form": "caules",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
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},
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{
"word": "acaulose"
},
{
"word": "acaulous"
},
{
"word": "caulescent"
},
{
"word": "caulicle"
},
{
"word": "caulicole"
},
{
"word": "caulicolous"
},
{
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"word": "cauliferous"
},
{
"word": "cauliflorous"
},
{
"word": "cauliflory"
},
{
"word": "cauliflower"
},
{
"word": "cauliform"
},
{
"word": "cauligenous"
},
{
"word": "cauligerous"
},
{
"word": "cauline"
},
{
"word": "caulirosulate"
},
{
"word": "caulode"
},
{
"word": "cauloid"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Architectural elements"
],
"glosses": [
"Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalks"
],
[
"volutes",
"volutes"
],
[
"helices",
"helices"
],
[
"Corinthian",
"Corinthian"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"herbaceous",
"herbaceous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-caulis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lodyha"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "łodyga"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
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{
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"expansion": "caulis",
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cauli"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cauli"
],
"links": [
[
"cauli",
"cauli#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "càule"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cavolo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "cavolo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "cavulu"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "caulo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "caulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "càvulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "caulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "cavulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "càulu"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "càvol"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "càorlo"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "càoło"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "chèvol"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cavol"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cöo"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cô"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cúaro"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "cavol"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "còl"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "caure"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "chèvol"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "chevle"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chou"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "chous"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "col"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chaul"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chaur"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chare"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "choul"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chol"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "chal"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "caulet"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc-lan",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc-lan",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "caulet"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "chaul"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "chol"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "còure"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "coule"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "cole"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "chaul"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "chaule"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "caul"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "col"
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],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "col"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "couve"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"south Galicia"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "couva"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "couve"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "couve"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "col"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
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"learned"
],
"word": "caulis"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "caule"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "caule"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kelj",
"word": "кељ"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*kawl"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*kauli"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "caule"
}
],
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"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*keh₂ulis"
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},
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "कुल्या"
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{
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"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
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]
},
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
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[
"caulēs",
"caules#Latin"
]
],
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"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"links": [
[
"caulī",
"cauli#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"links": [
[
"caulēs",
"caules#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"links": [
[
"caulīs",
"caulis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"links": [
[
"caulēs",
"caules#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coles",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkau̯.lɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaːu̯.lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "caullīs",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkau̯.liːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaːu̯.lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caulis meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.