See caulis on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauligenous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin caulis",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cole",
"3": "gobi",
"4": "kale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caules"
},
"expansion": "caulis (plural caules)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architectural elements",
"orig": "en:Architectural elements",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 15 40 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-d2jepLDj",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalks"
],
[
"volutes",
"volutes"
],
[
"helices",
"helices"
],
[
"Corinthian",
"Corinthian"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 15 40 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-tvXVrohb",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"herbaceous",
"herbaceous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lodyha"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-caulis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪs"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "caulis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 22 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 15 40 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 16 47 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cauli"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cauli"
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-zwUS67km",
"links": [
[
"cauli",
"cauli#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "84 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-Y3GO7fSZ",
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cōlis"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "caul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cavolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cavolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cavolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "càvulu",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "cavol",
"4": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cöo",
"3": "cô",
"4": "cúaro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "caul",
"3": "cavol"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: caul, cavol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: caul, cavol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "còl",
"3": "caure"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: còl, caure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: còl, caure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "chevle"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "càvol",
"3": "càorlo",
"4": "càoło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chous"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chous"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chou"
},
"expansion": "French: chou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: caul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaur",
"4": "chare",
"5": "choul",
"6": "chol",
"7": "chal"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chol"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: chaul, chol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: chaul, chol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "còure",
"3": "coule",
"4": "cole"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaule"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Galician: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "couve",
"3": "couva"
},
"expansion": "Galician: couve, couva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional, south Galicia"
},
"expansion": "(regional, south Galicia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: col"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "càule"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: càule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: càule"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kawl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: caulis (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: caulis (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кељ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kauli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुल्या"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
"t": "bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis. Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-d2aCiupb",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-hrL53EWn",
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cōlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "coles"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauliferous"
},
{
"word": "cauligenous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin caulis",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cole",
"3": "gobi",
"4": "kale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caules"
},
"expansion": "caulis (plural caules)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Architectural elements"
],
"glosses": [
"Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalks"
],
[
"volutes",
"volutes"
],
[
"helices",
"helices"
],
[
"Corinthian",
"Corinthian"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"herbaceous",
"herbaceous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-caulis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lodyha"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "caulis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cauli"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cauli"
],
"links": [
[
"cauli",
"cauli#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cōlis"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "caul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cavolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cavolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cavolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "càvulu",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "cavol",
"4": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cöo",
"3": "cô",
"4": "cúaro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "caul",
"3": "cavol"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: caul, cavol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: caul, cavol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "còl",
"3": "caure"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: còl, caure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: còl, caure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "chevle"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "càvol",
"3": "càorlo",
"4": "càoło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chous"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chous"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chou"
},
"expansion": "French: chou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: caul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaur",
"4": "chare",
"5": "choul",
"6": "chol",
"7": "chal"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chol"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: chaul, chol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: chaul, chol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "còure",
"3": "coule",
"4": "cole"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaule"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Galician: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "couve",
"3": "couva"
},
"expansion": "Galician: couve, couva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional, south Galicia"
},
"expansion": "(regional, south Galicia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: col"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "càule"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: càule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: càule"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kawl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: caulis (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: caulis (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кељ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kauli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुल्या"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
"t": "bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis. Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cōlis"
},
{
"word": "coles"
},
{
"word": "cōlis"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caulis meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.